Genes involved in the deformations of the shoot apical meristem in somatic embryos of Capsicum chinense Jacq.

Somatic embryos (SE) of habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) represent persistent deformations in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), which inhibits their capacity to form organs and subsequently plants. In dicotyledonous plants, SAM is formed in the apex, between cotyledons and it plays a central role in postembryonic shoot organ formation. Based on the previous knowledge on the role of some families of gene in the formation, organization and maintenance of the SAM, the expression patterns of WUS, WOX2, NAM, STM, PIN1 and PIN7 genes were analysed, which would allow us to elucidate the possible implication of these genes in SAM deformations in the SE of C. chinense. The results show that the expression patterns of STM and PIN1 in the SE were completely opposite to the respective expression pattern obtained in zygotic embryos (ZE). Moreover, NAM and PIN7 showed an over accumulation of transcripts in SE, compared with ZE. This is the first time in the genus Capsicum that alterations in the expression pattern of key genes of the SE development are reported, as well as its possible implication in the persistent deformations of the SAM.

A ética em jogo no campo surpreendente da pesquisa / The ethics at stake in the surprising field of research / La ética en juego en el campo sorprendente de la investigación

Trata-se de exposição oral suscitada pelo texto "Entre a problematização da ética e a ética da problematização", de Adriano Ruschel Marinho. Assume-se aqui que a pesquisa em ciências humanas e sociais possui sempre o caráter de intervenção, razão pela qual a atitude ética se reveste de uma dimensão coletiva. Nesse sentido, as noções de implicação e de recalcitrância constituem importantes eixos de apoio à eticidade em pesquisa. A verdadeira discussão ética não se faz no projeto, nem se esgota na apreciação do comitê de ética em pesquisa, senão que inicia a partir da experiência de habitar o campo. Ao pesquisador, cabe assumir o desafio ético de reconhecer que o campo lhe traz surpresas sempre imprevisíveis e irredutíveis aos termos do consentimento livre e esclarecido, sobretudo quando se sabe que regulamentação vigente está longe de representar os anseios da pesquisa à luz das ciências humanas e sociais.

This is an oral presentation prompted by the reading of "Between the problematization of ethics and the ethics of problematization", by Adriano Ruschel Marinho. It is assumed that research in the human and social sciences always has the character of intervention, which is why the ethical attitude has a collective dimension. In this sense, the notions of implication and recalcitrance represent important support bases for research ethics. The true ethical discussion is not done in the project, nor is it exhausted on the research ethics committee report, but it starts from the experience of inhabiting the field. The researcher must take on the ethical challenge of recognizing that field brings surprises which are unpredictable and irreducible to the terms of informed consent, especially when it is known that current rules are far from representing the research aspirations in the human and social sciences.

Se trata de una exposición oral suscitada por el texto "Entre la problematización de la ética y la ética de la problematización", de Adriano Ruschel Marinho. Se asume que la investigación en ciencias humanas y sociales es siempre una intervención, razón por la que la actitud ética posee una dimensión colectiva. Por tanto, las nociones de implicación y recalcitrancia son importantes ejes de apoyo a la ética de la investigación. La verdadera discusión ética no se hace en el proyecto, ni se agota en el dictamen del comité de ética en investigación, sino que empeza a partir de la práctica de habitar el campo. Al investigador le toca asumir el desafío ético de reconocer que el campo le trae sorpresas siempre imprevisibles e irreductibles a los términos del consentimiento informado, sobre todo cuando se sabe que las reglas vigentes no representan los anhelos de la investigación a la luz de las ciencias humanas y sociales.

O dispositivo de oficinas de corpo e a questão da recalcitrância / The device of body workshops and the question of recalcitrance

Resumo Em nosso texto apresentaremos as oficinas de sensibilização realizadas no Serviço de Psicologia Aplicada da Universidade Federal Fluminense (SPA-UFF), no segundo semestre de 2014 e primeiro semestre de 2015. Nosso trabalho visa construir um dispositivo em que corpos e subjetividades são efetuados pelos afetos gerados e geridos no mesmo. A recalcitrância atravessa a produção deste texto e das oficinas, pois, ao trazer à cena a construção das mesmas, nos vimos envolvidos tanto numa preocupação em construir as oficinas a partir de nosso campo teórico-metodológico, quanto em um comprometimento de compor, com os participantes, estas oficinas. Nossa pergunta era: como gerar uma disponibilidade afetiva sem cair na docilidade? Optamos então por apresentar a questão seguindo tais passos: teórico, metodológico, de elaboração das oficinas e de execução das mesmas. Nossa aposta em considerar os afetos nos fez perceber a possibilidade de criar dispositivos em que haja disponibilidade sem docilidade, pois consideramos também o que é trazido pelos participantes.(AU)

Abstract In our text we will present the workshops about sensitiveness that performed in the Service of Applied Psychology of the Fluminense Federal University (SPA-UFF), in the second semester of 2014 and first semester of 2015. Our work intents to build a device in which body and subjectivity are effectuated by affection generated and managed in that device. The recalcitrance guides the production of this text and its workshops, because by bringing to the scene their construction, we see ourselves concerned about building the workshops based on our theoretical-methodological field, as well as making a commitment to composing these workshops with the participants. Our question is: how to generate a affective availability without becoming docile? Therefore, we chose to present the question following these steps: theoretical, methodological, elaboration of the workshops and their execution. Our bet in considering the affections made us realize the possibility of creating devices in which there is availability without docility, because we also considered what is brought by the participants.(AU)

Storage of Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. seeds / Armazenamento de sementes de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess

Abstract Calophyllum brasiliense is a species native to Brazil and has potential for use in the timber industry, in the reforestation of degraded areas, besides having medicinal properties. Its propagation is mainly by seeds which, depending on their recalcitrant characteristics, leads to difficulty in conservation, due to changes in its physiological potential during storage. Aiming to contribute to the expansion of its cultivation, rational use and conservation, the objective of this study was to investigate the behavior of C. brasiliense seeds during storage. Different packings (paper, aluminum and polyethylene) and environmental conditions (room temperature and cold chamber) were quarterly tested over 12 months, by evaluating germination viability and vigor. Based on the results, it was concluded that packaging in polyethylene and freezer storage provided the best conditions for the conservation of seeds, keeping them viable for a period of nine months.

Resumo Calophyllum brasiliense é uma espécie nativa do Brasil e está na lista de espécies recomendadas para o reflorestamento de áreas degradadas, além de possuir propriedades medicinais e madeireiras. Sua propagação se dá principalmente via sementes, as quais, em função das suas características recalcitrantes, apresentam dificuldade de conservação, devido a alterações no seu potencial fisiológico ao longo do armazenamento. Visando contribuir com a ampliação de seu cultivo, uso racional e conservação, objetivou-se investigar o comportamento das sementes de C. brasiliense durante 12 meses de armazenamento. Testou-se diferentes embalagens (papel, alumínio e polietileno) e condições ambientais (câmara fria e temperatura ambiente), avaliando-se trimestralmente a germinação, viabilidade e vigor. Com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que o acondicionamento em embalagem de polietileno e o armazenamento em câmara fria proporcionou a melhor condição para a conservação das sementes, mantendo essas viáveis por um período de nove meses.

POLYPHENOLS DISTRIBUTION AND RESERVE SUBSTANCES ANALYSIS IN CACAO SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS / Análisis de distribución de polifenoles y sustancias de reserva en embriogénesis somática de cacao

In order to understand the causes of lack of regeneration in cacao somatic embryos, two cacao varieties with different responses to regeneration potential were described based on their capacity to store different compounds. It is well known that seed reserves play a central role in the regenerative capability of somatic embryos; thus, we followed histochemical changes and reserve fluctuations of proteins, polysaccharides and polyphenols during somatic embryogenesis (SE) in the two cacao varieties. The study showed that, in somatic embryos of the regenerating variety, polyphenols were localized mainly in the periphery of the embryo (epidermal cells) and proteins were the main storage substance in the embryo expression medium, while the non-regenerating variety had a high presence of polysaccharides with random distribution of polyphenols at the end of the embryo induction step.

Dos variedades de cacao con diferentes respuestas a la regeneración fueron descritas en función de su capacidad para almacenar diferentes compuestos, con el fin de aproximarse al entendimiento de las causas de la falta de regeneración en embriones somáticos de cacao. Es bien sabido que las reservas de semillas desempeñan un papel central en la capacidad de regeneración de embriones somáticos; por tanto, se realizó un seguimiento de cambios histoquímicos y fluctuaciones de reserva de proteínas, polisacáridos y polifenoles durante la embriogénesis somática (SE) en dos variedades de cacao. El estudio mostró que, en los embriones somáticos de la variedad regenerante, los polifenoles se localizaron principalmente en la periferia del embrión (células de la epidermis) y las proteínas fueron el componente principal de almacenamiento en el medio de expresión de embriones, mientras que la variedad no regenerante tenía una alta presencia de polisacáridos y una distribución aleatoria de los polifenoles en el final de la etapa de inducción de embriones.

Com quantas redes se escreve uma história da Daseinsanalyse? / With how many networks is the history of Daseinsanalyse written?

O presente artigo pretende pensar a história do movimento daseinsanalítico problematizando sua prática a partir da rede que a constitui. Dessa forma, nos apropriamos de alguns dispositivos conceituais desenvolvidos no pensamento da Teoria Ator Rede de Bruno Latour e no da Epistemologia Política de Stengers e Despret. Refletindo sobre a controvérsia teórica que existiu entre Binswanger e Boss, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar algumas relações, que constituem a rede deste saber psicológico (a Daseinsanalyse). Estas seriam pensados a partir dos modos de afetação e coafetação (dóceis ou recalcitrantes). Os frutos deste breve estudo miram esclarecer basicamente como um saber psicológico (a Daseinsanalyse) se modula e se sustenta, não tanto pelo seu corpo teórico, mas antes pelas formas de articulação entre os seus diversos atores...

The aim of this article is to reflect about the history of Daseinsanalyse therapy questioning its practice by approaching its establishing networks. Thus, we use some conceptual devices developed in the Actor Network Theory by Bruno Latour and in Political Epistemology by Stengers and Despret. The target of this paper is to identify some relations that constitute the networks of this psychological practice (Daseinsanalyse), specially reflecting about the theoretical controversy occurred between Binswanger and Boss. These networks will be described from the different ways of affectedness or co-affectedness (docile or recalcitrant). This brief study seeks to clarify how a psychological practice (the Daseinsanalyse) modulates and maintains itself, not only by its theoretical framework, but rather by diverse forms of articulation between its actors...

Na contramão da história: um estudo das estratégias de pesquisa psicológicas à luz da TAR / Out of way of history: a study concerning the rearch strattegies of psychology through ANT / En la contra ruta de la historia: un estudio de las estrategias de investigación psicológicas a la luz de la TAR

A meta deste trabalho é mapear as transformações nos experimentos psicológicos, apontando especialmente para os deslocamentos no lugar dos sujeitos participantes destes, notadamente no trânsito dos sujeitos treinados (onipresentes nos laboratórios psicológicos do século XIX) para os sujeitos ingênuos, que a partir da década de 1910, passam a se tornar o padrão, dentro de um tipo de design em que estes não tenham possibilidade de clareza do que está sendo experimentado. Esta transformação será discutida com base nos conceitos de docilidade e recalcitrância; se esta com a possibilidade de resistência e colocação de novas questões por parte dos seres pesquisados já é considerada menor nas ciências humanas, a primeira, ou o assentimento perante as operações da pesquisa tenderia a se tornar maior nas operações com os sujeitos tratados como ingênuos.

This work aims to map the transformations in psychological experiments, specially the change of trained subjects (present in the XIX century laboratories) to the naïve subjects, that after the 1910’s decade, became the pattern, in a kind of design, where they don’t have any idea of what is going on in the experiment. This transformation will be discussed based upon some concepts of the current “Scientific Studies”, from Latour, Stengers and Despret: recalcitrance and docility. If the first as the possibility of new questions arising by the researched beings is already considered very rare inhuman sciences, the second as the acquiescence before research operations tend to become bigger in the models with the so-called naïve subjects.

El blanco de este trabajo es hacer um mapa de las transformaciuones e los experimentos psicológicos, destacando los desplazamientos de los sujetosparticipantes de estos, especialmente em el transito de los sujetos entrenados (onipresentes e los laboratorios psicológicos del siglo XIX) para los sujeitos ingenuos, que a partir de la década de 1910, passan a quedarse como el padrón, en un nuevo tipo de design en que estes não tienem más la posibilidad de conocer lo que está en vías de experimentación. Esta transformación será discutida con base en los conceitos de docilidad yrecalcitrancia; si esta, como posibilidad de resistencia y planteamento de nuevas cuestiones por parte de los seres investigados ya es considerada pequeña en las ciencias humanas, la primera, o el asentimento delante las operaciones de la investigación tendría a tornarse más presente en las operaciones con los sujetos tratados como ingenuos.

Water potential and viability of seeds of Eugenia (Myrtaceae), a tropical tree species, based upon different levels of drying

The aim of the present work was to study the water potential and viability of Eugenia based upon different levels of drying. The seeds showed high water content at shedding and were sensitive to desiccation; however, the level of this sensitivity (water content) varied among the species. Five target drying levels were defined according to the critical levels of hydration. Results showed that water potential seemed to be more reliable than water content. It was hypothesize that the differences in desiccation tolerance, as well as recalcitrance, among the seeds of different species could be related to the maturity level of these seeds during shedding from the mother plant. Consequently, this could be a result of the evolution on how far the maturation process could represent an advantage for the species propagation. This could also mean that Eugenia seeds were dispersed at a maturity stage similar to that observed in immature orthodox seeds.

Isolation and characterization of naphthalene degrading bacteria from soils in warangal.

Bacteria capable of utilizing naphthalene, as their sole source of carbon and energy for growth were isolated from three different sites in warangal,Andhra Pradesh. By standard bacteriological methods, these bacteria were characterized taxonomically as belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Burkholderia or Actinomycetes. Two of the isolates, which showed the highest growth during screening as demonstrated by an increase in their optical densities at 600 nm and named as NITWDBT1 and NITWDBT3.In isolate NITWDBT1, the lowest optimum growth of 0.189 at 600 nm was observed when the level of anthracene was lowest (50 ppm); while the highest optimum growth of 0.578 was recorded when the level of anthracene was highest (300 ppm). Similarly, the lowest optimum growth in isolate NITWDBT3 was 0.173 at anthracene level of 50ppm, while the highest was 0.380 when the level of anthracene was 250 ppm (OD600). These two isolates were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia respectively, were also able to grow in anthracene and carbazole, but not very much so in 2,4-dichlorophenol and D-camphor. The isolates showed a concentration-dependent growth in all the compounds they were grown. There were visible changes in the colour of the growth medium of the isolates during their incubation, suggesting the production of different metabolites. There were also changes in their medium pH during growth. These studies demonstrate the possession by the bacterial species of novel degradative systems.

Palhaços: uma possível reflexão para a Gestalt-terapia / Clowns: a possible reflection to Gestalt-therapy

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir como os palhaços podem contribuir para uma reflexão acerca das intervenções psicoterápicas na Gestalt-terapia. Essa tarefa foi possível a partir do acompanhamento de uma oficina de teatro, intitulada “A nobre arte do palhaço” e das proposições teóricas da Teoria Ator-Rede acerca da recalcitrância. O efeito do palhaço reside na subversão do anseio pela vitória: quando todos no mundo almejam vencer, ele explora perder. Portanto, o que norteia seu surgimento é estabelecer um fluxo contínuo de contato com as dimensões frágeis, ridículas e transgressoras de cada um, nesse sentido compartilha com alguns dos princípios almejados pela Gestalt-terapia. Dessa forma, os palhaços favorecem que esta abordagem revisite suas reflexões, sua capacidade de criação, ou melhor, re-creação no encontro terapêutico. (AU)

This article aims to discuss how clowns can contribute to a reflection concerning psychotherapic interventions in Gestalt-therapy. This task was possible starting from the observation of a theatre workshop, called “The noble art of clown”, and from the theoretical propositions of Actor-Net Theory relating to recalcitrance. The clowns effect its about the subversion of the wish to succeed: while everybody pursues winning, the clown explores the experience of losing. Therefore, what guides his emergence is to establish a continuous flux of contact with the fragile, ridiculous and transgressing dimensions of each of us, which shares common principles pursuit by Gestalt-therapy. So, clowns give Gestalt-therapy the opportunity to rethink its reflections, its capacity of creation, in better words, re-creation on therapy gathering. (AU)